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Ashley Palmer Watts

March 19, 2013 Journal

Beautiful bergamots

I’m going to shamelessly copy an article
by Sudi in the Independent, not just
because it’s an interesting piece on the
versatility of bergamot, but also because
I’m mentioned.

The original article can be found here

The fruit is the chefs’ citrus of choice this spring, says Sudi Piggott in the Independent.

We’re playing pass the “orange”, perched on stalls at the counter of James Knappett’s intimate Kitchen Table within his Bubbledogs restaurant, where he creates tasting menus in full view of his guests. Except this is not a variation on the nostalgic adolescent game of transferring oranges under the chin and it is not a conventional citrus.

Knappett likes to challenge his guests with unfamiliar ingredients and new flavours. They inhale appreciatively the heady, familiar yet elusive fragrance of the orange-shaped yellow/green skinned citrus quizzically. This is Catalan bergamot, a sour orange crossbreed, closer to a lemon, and it is better known for giving Earl Grey its distinctive taste, though stealthily it has become the citrus of choice this spring, certainly upstaging the blood orange among chefs and fanatical foodies.

Knappett adds bergamot aromatic rind and acidic (yet sweeter and more delicate and floral than lemon) juice to flavour yoghurt and mixes with charred cucumber, fresh dill and dill oil, then serves it with raw salmon topped with crispy salmon skin. Its citrus element is “softer” than lemon and it is unwaxed and untreated because the skin is so important, so the flavour is really true and clear. It is an excellent partner to fish. Well in the vanguard, Ashley Palmer-Watts‘s launch menu at Dinner by Heston Blumenthal featured bergamot – and lime-cured mackerel – and Watts is now working on a new dish highlighting bergamot as he can’t get enough of its “beguiling intensity”.

Tweeting about my discovery of the manifest charms of bergamot, I unleashed a swathe of creativity. The Renaissance Girl adds bergamot to Asian-style marinades with soy, ginger and rice wine vinegar and cautions: “It is important to get the balance right as too much can be intoxicating. I tend to use bergamot alongside other citrus to subtly up the citrus quota.” Bergamot juice can also be substituted for vinegar in vinaigrettes for a perfumed tartness.

Persian cookery writer and private chef Sabrina Ghayour explains bergamot is an essential ingredient in Persian cuisine, “as we Persians love all things sour and bitter”. She’s been experimenting with honey-soaked bergamot flesh with pork fillet or chicken, candied bergamot in exotic salads and even adding bergamot zest to madeleines. Bergamot is likely to feature in her Norooz Persian New Year dinner (celebrated on the first day of spring) on 22 March at Peyton and Byrne at The National Gallery, in both savoury guises and preserves served with petits fours.

Private chef Bruno Breillet adds bergamot zest to meringues and finds it lifts marmalade to another level (rinse the rind before use to tame its tartness). Bergamot and mint make for a refreshing sorbet at London’s hottest restaurant Dabbous, a sure sign that it is the citrus of the moment. Ollie Dabbous advises to use the zest more like a spice alongside lemon juice to subtly up the zing. Bergamot even features as one of the icing flavours on the old-fashioned doughnut menu at The Electric, says Soho House executive chef Jake Rigby-Wilson: “The bergamot’s vibrant, distinctive aroma is transforming and confounds expectations, which makes it such a pleasure to use.”

Patricia Michelson of La Fromagerie, one of the few retail stockists of bergamot, recommends making bergamot syrup to add to prosecco or sparkling water. She also makes a variation with warm spices of cinnamon, cardamom, vanilla, star anise and chilli to glaze lemon (and bergamot) polenta cake. Michelson even likes to use slices of bergamot in Earl Grey and single- estate Ceylon teas, besides infusions such as Verbena and Chamomile.

I’m intrigued to discover that, historically, Calabrians favoured bergamot as a fruit known to have a beneficial effect in promoting cardiovascular health. It has an exceptional content of citrus polyphenols, which also give the fruit its bitterness. Recent Italian medical research reaffirms that bergamot capsules of extract and pulp may be helpful in inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis with a natural statin-like effect in reducing bad and raising good cholesterol and lowering blood sugars.

Though for a more immediate lift bergamot is, according to Nick Strangeway, consultant to Mark’s Bar, the distinctly nuanced flavour of the moment for cocktails: he recommends steeping the zest in high-proof alcohol to make bergamot bitters, infusing it in vodka or gin or simply using the juice to make a Sidecar or Julep of extraordinary intensity and claims a Martini is incomplete without a twist of bergamot. Will James Bond insist on the enigmatic bergamot in his next movie?

Bergamots are available from natoora.co.uk, wholefoods.co.uk, solstice.co.uk, lafromagerie.co.uk Other exotic citrus by special request only fromnatoora.co.uk.

Bergamot sorbet

Serves: 4-6 people

The refreshing, fragrant flavour of bergamot makes the perfect palette cleanser so try this sorbet at the end of a rich meal.

Ingredients

4 Natoora unwaxed bergamots, juiced and zested
150g caster sugar
2 egg whites
300ml water

Dissolve the sugar in the water over a low heat, before gently bringing to the boil for a couple of minutes. Remove from the heat and add the bergamot zest, cover and leave to infuse for half an hour.

Add the bergamot juice to the sugar syrup, then strain and place in a shallow container. Freeze for 2 hours until slushy.

Whisk the egg whites until fluffy and mix into the sorbet. The sorbet must be only semi-frozen to be able to do this. Freeze for at least 6 hours. Remove from the freezer 10 minutes before serving.

More exotic citrus fruits to try:

CEDRO

I’d always known cedro as etrog lemon, an essential part of Jewish Sukkot rituals, and was bemused to come across a Yiddish expression for something that has no value as being like “an etrog after Sukkot”. How very misguided. Its elongated lemon shape is awesome – sometimes as large as a melon – with a textured yellowy-green skin. Cedro has an exceptionally large ratio of soft, white, surprisingly sweet pith that can be used with the bitter-sweet, prized rind. In Sicily, where cedros are grown, it is thinly sliced and sprinkled with salt or sugar as a snack with aperitifs (or candied) or combined with fennel in a salad.

DIAMANTE CITRON

Chris Golding at Apero at The Ampersand is another chef who takes great pleasure in using ingredients that are a talking point for guests. He uses diamante citron, sweeter than a conventional lemon and similar to a cedro. He adds its juice besides lemon to cure wild sea bass served with fennel and purple potatoes.

BUDDHA’S HAND

A fragrant citron whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections. The origin of Buddha’s hand is north-eastern India and China though it is now grown in California. It has no juice and is mainly valued for its zest. The inner white pith is not bitter so the fingers can be longitudinally sliced, peel, pith, and all, and used in salads. Not least by Michel Roux Jnr at Le Gavroche in a crab salad with spring onions, roasted hazelnut oil and spicy tomato mousse.

SHATKORA LEMON

Indian citrons identifiable by their large “wings” on the stalk attaching the leaf to the stem, they have smooth yellow rind, dry, greenish-yellow flesh and a very sour, bitter juice. At Trishna, segments of Shaktora lemon are added to give extra verve to a masala chicken curry.

LIMEQUAT

Tiny round citrus related to both kumquat and lime. Look for the more yellow-skinned limequat as its intense sourness and tartness is more mellow. Use sparingly in dressings and desserts. Sometimes seen in larger branches of Sainsbury’s.

FINGER LIME

The ultimate, decadent citrus burst, often called lime caviar as the interior pulp has a caviar-like appearance and pops and bursts on the roof of the mouth, exploding with vivid lime flavour. Wonderful as a seafood garnish and relatively less expensive than caviar though still a huge treat. Available from efoodies.co.uk

June 8, 2012 2 Michelin Stars

Dinner, Knightsbridge

I felt somewhat apprehensive about booking a table at Dinner by Heston Blumenthal – it feels as though everything that can be said about the experience, has been said.  Yet as a technical cook any Blumenthal offering surely had to be on my list to try.  So at the prescribed hour I duly rang, got straight through, and very quickly made my booking.

Hubby and I had eaten in Foliage several times, but Dinner has made better use of the space.  The atmosphere is buzzy, though it wasn’t busy when we arrived.  There were a mixture of diners, some looking for a gastronomic experience – others literally just for dinner.  And I think perhaps this lies at the heart of my experience.  Where we had unconsciously come to view it as a ‘one trick pony’ – certainly Heston has commented in the past that the most diners will only ever visit the Fat Duck once – Dinner is actually a fully-functioning seasonal restaurant, in which you could eat regularly and still find lots to interest and excite.

From our vantage point overlooking the glass kitchen we could see the brigade in action, and it’s a very slick operation.  There’s a Josper oven on which all the steaks are cooked, and when the chef opens the door, there’s a tiny delay before plumes of flames erupt into the kitchen.  On another counter a rotisserie grill endlessly turns the glazed pineapples for the Tipsy cake, and ticket machines punctuate the view with orders appearing both at the pass and in the meat section itself.

The menu is based on historical and traditional recipes over several centuries, and the detail describes when the dishes were recorded, with a reference on the reverse to specific ingredients, techniques and  sauces.  The dishes have been compiled from a wide variety of texts, and Heston and Ashley have referred to the historians at Hampton Court Palace, and to items in the British Library to try to ensure authenticity.

I told the Hubby that everyone eats the Meat Fruit – we look at each other – really, do we have to?  I liked the look of the scallops, and Hubby really wanted the Salamugundy… Neither of us was prepared to give up our dish when lo, like manna from heaven, a Meat Fruit arrived with the compliments of the kitchen.  Up close it really is as beautiful as all of those photographs would suggest, and breaking open that mandarin glaze reveals an incredibly smooth and clean chicken liver parfait.  It’s not just the theatre of the dish, this is perhaps the best chicken liver parfait I’ve eaten and the acidity of the mandarin cuts through the dish cleanly.  Do order it – ignore your instincts to forego it – it’s an great dish.  It’s served with farmhouse bread which has been grilled in a criss-cross fashion, the slightly charred edge adding to the overall combination.  (If you want to make it at home, here’s the recipe).

Meat Fruit

My scallops and cucumber was really more about the cucumber than the scallops.  The ketchup includes a hit of dill, adding to that slightly pickled element, and provided a clean acidic hit on the palate.  The braised cucumber hearts are held sous vide with a little oil, before being chargrilled – this solidifies the texture, and the charring highlights the sweetness of the cucumber.  The scallops were fine, but felt more like a vehicle for the cucumber and borage.  I like this dish, it tastes clean and fresh, and was a good dish to sit between the parfait and the rice.

Scallops with cucumber

Hubby was a little less keen on his Salamugundy (chicken oysters, salsify, marrow bone and horseradish cream ). He loved the textures of the two kinds of chicken (the said oyster, and he thought chicken breast), but thought the dish was over seasoned.  I suspect whatever seasoning is put onto the skin of the breast enhance the crispiness contributed to the salty flavour.  Hubby doesn’t usually complain about saltiness, and I’m pretty liberal at home. (Forgot to take a photo).

Next, Rice and Flesh.  This saffron risotto is probably the best saffron dish I’ve had (often I find the taste quite metallic and flat), and one of the best risotto’s I’ve had in ages.  There’s nothing worse than poor risotto, and this was luscious and yielding.  My picture is deceiving, the dish is actually only a fine layer of risotto, and not as wet as it looks here.  The flesh in question is calves tail, and is a tiny mouthful of umami-rich intensity.  You couldn’t eat much of this dish, but the slightly blue note combined with the meaty rightness  is well balanced.  I’d happily forgo a main course for this dish, and Hubby really liked the meagre spoonful I allowed him.

Rice and Flesh

Hubby had the Savoury Porridge – very pretty it includes roast cod palette, and smoked beetroot.  He wasn’t terribly keen on the texture of the cod palette, though he did like the flavours in the rest of the dish.  He passed me a piece – no – fine for me… He insisted it was a bit slimy, and passed me another – and this piece was much more slippery and fishy.  I’m assuming cod palette is actually cod cheeks, though surely that would make it cod palate not palette?

Savoury porridge

I had the fillet of beef, which I think perhaps was unnecessary given the other yumminess on offer – in future I’d happily just eat a variety of starters.  It was of course perfectly cooked in that Josper oven, and came with a disk of bone marrow not the top.  I’m not usually that keen on bone marrow which can sometimes be too slippery for me, but here it complimented the meatiness and worked well with the crumb.  The triple cooked chips were crunchy and well seasoned, and I also ordered some braised lettuce, which ‘let down’ the meatiness – that is to say, the clean flavour refreshed the tastebuds between mouthfuls.  The beef jus is incredibly intense, as is the mushroom ketchup, so I think you do need some kind of vegetable side dish.

Aberdeen Angus fillet steak with mushroom ketchup
Triple cooked chips

The Hubby had the Black Foot pork chop, with Hispi cabbage, lardo, ham hock and Robert sauce.

Black Foot pork chop

I’d pre-ordered the tipsy cake (which you have to order at the same time as your starters), and the brioche arrived in a tiny cast iron pot, which a carved sliver of charred pineapple.  The brioche is soaked in Sauternes, and lightly dusted with powdered sugar crystals – absolutely delicious.  It tastes a little like a rum baba, but is more fragrant, and not as sweet and sticky.  The pineapple is so richly condensed by this stage that it almost has an umami edge, it tasted very gently of that savoury depth you get from blue cheese, if thats not too strange an analogy.

Tipsy cake with pineapple

We’d decided to have a side-order of the liquid nitrogen ice-cream, and the undulating trolley was duly wheeled over.  There’s an old-school Kenwood style mixer built into the trolley, and our waitress combined the vanilla custard base with the liquid nitrogen to form instant ice-cream.  Served in little sugared cones, there were a choice of four toppings – freeze dried cherries, popping candy, praline I think, and sugar coated fennel seeds.  This is a great bit of theatre at the table, but the resulting ice-cream melts so quickly in your hands that Hubby soon abandoned his.  Mine was a little firmer and was surprisingly like a Mr Whippy ice-cream – I had assumed it would have a more conventional texture.  Whilst it does provide a little bit of theatre at the table, I’m not sure it would work that well if you were in a larger group.

Liquid nitrogen ice-cream

Ironically I think I had a lot more fun with the menu than the Hubby.  We found the cooking technically accomplished, the atmosphere relaxed and buzzy, and the staff very attentive – the only question which couldn’t be answered immediately resulted in a better informed member of staff appearing promptly at our table.  Where perhaps the Hubby didn’t personally appreciate all of the dishes he’d ordered, he said it certainly wouldn’t stop him from returning and ordering some of those I’d had.  Talking to the Sous Chef, we said that we’d noticed one particular dish absolutely flying off the meat section – what was it?  Apparently it’s the pigeon, so this is what I’ll be ordering next time.  There’s a great little chef’s table overlooking the pass, and next time I think we’d bring people with us to enjoy the buzzy atmosphere.

If you’ve not been yet – do go to Dinner.  Don’t think of it as a one-time venue, but as somewhere you could eat in the way you would at, say, The Square, or Marcus Wareing.  My scallop dish had just come back onto the menu, so it’s not quite as fixed as we’d imagined.  Truthfully it’s not in our top five for London, but given the variety on offer these days this is certainly not a criticism.  I’d also say that the booking process was not as complicated as we’d anticipated, and @elizabethonfood’s advice to try walking in early seems sound to us.

Dinner by Heston Blumenthal
The Mandarin Hotel
66 Knightsbridge
London

Dinner by Heston Blumenthal on Urbanspoon

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I’m passionate about food, its provenance and its sustainability. As a technical cook, I like to see what’s happening in the kitchens of Michelin starred restaurants, but you’re just as likely to find me at home making sourdough. You can find some of my recipes in In The Mix 2, an award-winning Thermomix cookbook.

I’m also truly blessed – I can open my fridge at any time and know it’s crammed with all manner of loveliness – but that’s not the case for everyone. There are people all around me in the UK who rely on food banks to feed their kids, and themselves, and every box of cereal or teabag makes a difference. You can donate food to your local food bank, or time, or money, and if you want more information the best starting place is http://www.trusselltrust.org.

You can also find me here:

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